Plant viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, and most depend on insect vectors for transmission between plants.Viral infection causes various physiological and metabolic changes in host traits, which subsequently influence the behavior and fitness of the insect vectors.Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), one of the most widespread pathogens in pepp
Two-stage stochastic programming for the joint dispatch of energy and reserve considering demand response
This paper formulates a two-stage stochastic programming model for energy and reserve joint dispatch considering wind power uncertainty and the participation of incentive-based demand response (IBDR).The model consists two stages, the first stage is to determine the day-ahead energy dispatch and the reserve capacity need, the second stage is to det
Origin and nature of humic substances in the waters of the Amazon River Basin
Abstract Humic substances dissolved in "black water, white water, and clear water" rivers of the Amazon River basin were compared were humic substances found in podzolic (spodic) and latosolic (oxic) soils of the Amaon region.Humic-type organic solutes in black water originated from organic matter decomposition and ground water drainage from podzol
Regulation of CTnDOT Conjugative Transfer Is a Complex and Highly Coordinated Series of Events
ABSTRACT CTnDOT is a 65-kb conjugative transposon that is found in Bacteroides spp., which are one of the more abundant members within the lower human gastrointestinal tract.CTnDOT encodes resistance to gift_wrapping the antibiotics erythromycin and tetracycline (Tc).An interesting feature of CTnDOT is that exposure to low levels of Tc induces a ca